Oral side effects of Radiotherapy

Taken from Lancet Oncology

Because of typical tissue reactions to ionising radiation, radiotherapy in the head and neck region usually results in complex oral complications aff ecting the salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, masticatory musculature, and dentition. When the oral cavity and salivary glands are exposed to high doses of radiation, clinical consequences including hyposalivation, mucositis, taste loss, trismus, and osteoradionecrosis should be regarded as the most common side-eff ects. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences, usually subsiding early post-irradiation,
whereas hyposalivation is commonly irreversible. Additionally, the risk of rampant tooth decay with its sudden onset and osteonecrosis is a lifelong threat. Thus, early, active participation of the dental profession in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies, and in the education and rehabilitation of patients is paramount in consideration of quality-of-life issues during and after radiotherapy.